Bordering Countries of Sudan
Sudan, located in northeastern Africa, shares its borders with nine countries: Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Central African Republic, Chad, Libya, and the Red Sea to the northeast.
1. Egypt
Location: Sudan shares a border with Egypt to the north.
Religion: Islam is the predominant religion in Egypt, with the majority of the population adhering to Sunni Islam.
Official Language: Arabic is the official language of Egypt.
Currency: The official currency of Egypt is the Egyptian Pound (EGP).
Country Overview:
Egypt is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is known for its ancient civilization, with iconic landmarks such as the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the Nile River. Egypt is a major cultural and political power in the Arab world and the wider Middle East region.
Political Stability and Public Security: Egypt has experienced periods of political instability and unrest, particularly during the Arab Spring in 2011 and subsequent events. However, the country has stabilized in recent years under the leadership of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. Public security varies across different regions of Egypt, with tourist areas generally being safe but travelers advised to remain vigilant, especially in crowded places.
Major Landmarks:
- Pyramids of Giza: Ancient pyramid complex near Cairo, including the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
- Luxor Temple: Ancient temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in Luxor, featuring well-preserved structures from ancient Egyptian civilization.
- Karnak Temple: Vast temple complex in Luxor, dedicated to the god Amun-Ra, with impressive columns, statues, and hieroglyphs.
Transportation Links:
- Roads: The Sudan-Egypt Highway connects the two countries, providing a land route for travelers and cargo.
- Railways: There are no direct railway connections between Sudan and Egypt.
- Air Travel: Khartoum International Airport (KRT) in Sudan and Cairo International Airport (CAI) in Egypt serve as major hubs for international flights between the two countries.
Visa Requirements: Travel between Sudan and Egypt typically requires a visa for citizens of both countries. However, certain categories of travelers may be eligible for visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements. Travelers should check visa requirements based on their nationality and the purpose of their visit.
2. Eritrea
Location: Sudan shares a border with Eritrea to the east.
Religion: Islam and Christianity are the two dominant religions in Eritrea.
Official Language: Tigrinya and Arabic are the two official languages of Eritrea.
Currency: The official currency of Eritrea is the Eritrean Nakfa (ERN).
Country Overview:
Eritrea is a country located in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Sudan to the west, Ethiopia to the south, and Djibouti to the southeast. It has a diverse population and rich cultural heritage, with influences from various ethnic groups and historical civilizations. Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993 after a prolonged war for independence.
Political Stability and Public Security: Eritrea has a one-party political system, with the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) as the sole legal party. The country has faced criticism from human rights organizations for its authoritarian government and lack of political freedoms. Public security is generally good, with low crime rates and a stable internal situation.
Major Landmarks:
- Asmara: The capital city of Eritrea, known for its well-preserved Italian colonial architecture and vibrant street life.
- Massawa: A historic port city on the Red Sea coast, featuring Ottoman and Italian colonial-era buildings.
- Dahlak Archipelago: A group of islands off the coast of Eritrea, known for their pristine beaches, coral reefs, and marine biodiversity.
Transportation Links:
- Roads: The Sudan-Eritrea Highway connects the two countries, providing a land route for travelers and cargo.
- Railways: There are no direct railway connections between Sudan and Eritrea.
- Air Travel: Khartoum International Airport (KRT) in Sudan and Asmara International Airport (ASM) in Eritrea serve as major hubs for international flights between the two countries.
Visa Requirements: Travel between Sudan and Eritrea typically requires a visa for citizens of both countries. However, certain categories of travelers may be eligible for visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements. Travelers should check visa requirements based on their nationality and the purpose of their visit.
3. Ethiopia
Location: Sudan shares a border with Ethiopia to the southeast.
Religion: Christianity and Islam are the two predominant religions in Ethiopia.
Official Language: Amharic is the official language of Ethiopia.
Currency: The official currency of Ethiopia is the Ethiopian Birr (ETB).
Country Overview:
Ethiopia is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Sudan to the west, Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, and Kenya to the south. It is one of the oldest independent countries in the world, with a history dating back thousands of years. Ethiopia is known for its diverse landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and ancient civilizations.
Political Stability and Public Security: Ethiopia has a federal parliamentary republic government, although political tensions and ethnic conflicts have occurred in recent years. The country has faced challenges such as protests, ethnic violence, and occasional outbreaks of civil unrest. Public security varies across different regions of Ethiopia, with some areas experiencing higher levels of crime or instability.
Major Landmarks:
- Lalibela: A town in northern Ethiopia known for its rock-cut churches, which are UNESCO World Heritage sites and important pilgrimage destinations for Ethiopian Christians.
- Simien Mountains: A mountain range in northern Ethiopia, known for its dramatic landscapes, deep valleys, and endemic wildlife such as the Ethiopian wolf and Walia ibex.
- Lake Tana: The largest lake in Ethiopia, located in the northern part of the country, known for its scenic beauty and historic monasteries on the islands.
Transportation Links:
- Roads: The Sudan-Ethiopia Highway connects the two countries, providing a land route for travelers and cargo.
- Railways: There are no direct railway connections between Sudan and Ethiopia.
- Air Travel: Khartoum International Airport (KRT) in Sudan and Addis Ababa Bole International Airport (ADD) in Ethiopia serve as major hubs for international flights between the two countries.
Visa Requirements: Travel between Sudan and Ethiopia typically requires a visa for citizens of both countries. However, certain categories of travelers may be eligible for visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements. Travelers should check visa requirements based on their nationality and the purpose of their visit.
4. South Sudan
Location: Sudan shares a border with South Sudan to the south.
Religion: Christianity and traditional indigenous beliefs are practiced in South Sudan.
Official Language: English is the official language of South Sudan.
Currency: The official currency of South Sudan is the South Sudanese Pound (SSP).
Country Overview:
South Sudan is a landlocked country located in northeastern Africa, bordered by Sudan to the north, Ethiopia to the east, Kenya to the southeast, Uganda to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and the Central African Republic to the west. It gained independence from Sudan in 2011 after decades of civil war but has since experienced internal conflicts and political instability.
Political Stability and Public Security: South Sudan has faced significant challenges since gaining independence, including ongoing political instability, ethnic violence, and humanitarian crises. The country has been plagued by civil war and internal conflicts, resulting in widespread displacement and human suffering. Public security remains a concern, with high levels of crime and violence in some areas.
Major Landmarks:
- Juba: The capital city of South Sudan, located on the White Nile River, known for its bustling markets and cultural diversity.
- Boma National Park: A national park in southeastern South Sudan, home to diverse wildlife species such as elephants, giraffes, and buffalo.
- Nimule National Park: A protected area in South Sudan, known for its scenic landscapes, waterfalls, and birdwatching opportunities.
Transportation Links:
- Roads: The Sudan-South Sudan Highway connects the two countries, providing a land route for travelers and cargo.
- Railways: There are no direct railway connections between Sudan and South Sudan.
- Air Travel: Khartoum International Airport (KRT) in Sudan and Juba International Airport (JUB) in South Sudan serve as major hubs for international flights between the two countries.
Visa Requirements: Travel between Sudan and South Sudan typically requires a visa for citizens of both countries. However, certain categories of travelers may be eligible for visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements. Travelers should check visa requirements based on their nationality and the purpose of their visit.
5. Central African Republic (CAR)
Location: Sudan shares a border with the Central African Republic to the southwest.
Religion: Christianity and traditional indigenous beliefs are practiced in the Central African Republic.
Official Language: French and Sango are the two official languages of the Central African Republic.
Currency: The official currency of the Central African Republic is the Central African CFA franc (XAF).
Country Overview:
The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country located in Central Africa, bordered by Sudan to the east, South Sudan to the south, Chad to the northwest, Cameroon to the west, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south. It has a diverse population consisting of numerous ethnic groups and cultures.
Political Stability and Public Security: The Central African Republic has experienced political instability and conflict for much of its history, including coups, rebellions, and ethnic violence. The country has faced challenges such as governance issues, poverty, and insecurity, with ongoing conflicts between various armed groups. Public security remains a concern, with high levels of crime and violence in many parts of the country.
Major Landmarks:
- Bangui: The capital city of the Central African Republic, located on the banks of the Ubangi River, known for its markets, cultural attractions, and historic landmarks.
- Dzanga-Sangha National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage site in the southwest of the Central African Republic, known for its diverse wildlife, including forest elephants, gorillas, and chimpanzees.
- Boali Waterfalls: Scenic waterfalls located near Bangui, popular with tourists and locals alike for picnics and outdoor activities.
Transportation Links:
- Roads: The Sudan-Central African Republic Highway connects the two countries, providing a land route for travelers and cargo.
- Railways: There are no direct railway connections between Sudan and the Central African Republic.
- Air Travel: Khartoum International Airport (KRT) in Sudan and Bangui M’Poko International Airport (BGF) in the Central African Republic serve as major hubs for international flights between the two countries.
Visa Requirements: Travel between Sudan and the Central African Republic typically requires a visa for citizens of both countries. However, certain categories of travelers may be eligible for visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements. Travelers should check visa requirements based on their nationality and the purpose of their visit.
6. Chad
Location: Sudan shares a border with Chad to the west.
Religion: Islam and Christianity are the two dominant religions in Chad.
Official Language: French and Arabic are the two official languages of Chad.
Currency: The official currency of Chad is the Central African CFA franc (XAF).
Country Overview:
Chad is a landlocked country located in north-central Africa, bordered by Sudan to the east, Libya to the north, Niger to the west, Nigeria to the southwest, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the south, and the Republic of the Congo to the southwest. It is one of the poorest and most politically unstable countries in the world, with a history of internal conflicts, coups, and civil wars.
Political Stability and Public Security: Chad has faced decades of political instability and conflict, including civil wars, rebellions, and insurgencies. The country has struggled with governance issues, ethnic tensions, and economic challenges, leading to widespread poverty and underdevelopment. Public security remains a major concern, with high levels of crime, violence, and insecurity in many parts of the country.
Major Landmarks:
- N’Djamena: The capital city of Chad, located on the banks of the Chari River, known for its markets, cultural diversity, and historic landmarks.
- Zakouma National Park: A national park in southeastern Chad, known for its diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and giraffes.
- Lake Chad: A large freshwater lake located in the western part of the country, shared with neighboring countries, known for its ecological significance and importance for local communities.
Transportation Links:
- Roads: The Sudan-Chad Highway connects the two countries, providing a land route for travelers and cargo.
- Railways: There are no direct railway connections between Sudan and Chad.
- Air Travel: Khartoum International Airport (KRT) in Sudan and N’Djamena International Airport (NDJ) in Chad serve as major hubs for international flights between the two countries.
Visa Requirements: Travel between Sudan and Chad typically requires a visa for citizens of both countries. However, certain categories of travelers may be eligible for visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements. Travelers should check visa requirements based on their nationality and the purpose of their visit.
7. Libya
Location: Sudan shares a border with Libya to the northwest.
Religion: Islam is the predominant religion in Libya.
Official Language: Arabic is the official language of Libya.
Currency: The official currency of Libya is the Libyan Dinar (LYD).
Country Overview:
Libya is a country located in North Africa, bordered by Sudan to the southeast, Egypt to the east, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. It has a diverse population and a rich history, with influences from ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs. Libya has experienced political instability and conflict since the 2011 Arab Spring uprising, leading to ongoing violence and humanitarian crises.
Political Stability and Public Security: Libya has faced significant challenges since the overthrow of longtime dictator Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, including civil war, political fragmentation, and the presence of multiple armed groups. The country is divided between rival governments and militias, resulting in a lack of effective governance and widespread insecurity. Public security remains a major concern, with high levels of crime, violence, and terrorism in many parts of the country.
Major Landmarks:
- Tripoli: The capital city of Libya, located on the Mediterranean coast, known for its historic old town, ancient landmarks, and bustling markets.
- Leptis Magna: An ancient Roman city located east of Tripoli, known for its well-preserved ruins, including a theater, baths, and temples.
- Sahara Desert: A vast desert region covering much of southern Libya, known for its dramatic landscapes, sand dunes, and archaeological sites.
Transportation Links:
- Roads: The Sudan-Libya Highway connects the two countries, providing a land route for travelers and cargo.
- Railways: There are no direct railway connections between Sudan and Libya.
- Air Travel: Khartoum International Airport (KRT) in Sudan and Tripoli Mitiga International Airport (MJI) in Libya serve as major hubs for international flights between the two countries.
Visa Requirements: Travel between Sudan and Libya typically requires a visa for citizens of both countries. However, certain categories of travelers may be eligible for visa-free or visa-on-arrival arrangements. Travelers should check visa requirements based on their nationality and the purpose of their visit.
8. Red Sea
Location: Sudan shares a border with the Red Sea to the northeast.
Country Overview:
The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. It is bordered by Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. The Red Sea is known for its warm waters, rich marine biodiversity, and strategic importance as a major shipping route connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Transportation Links:
- Sea Travel: The Red Sea serves as a vital maritime transportation route, facilitating trade and commerce between countries in the region and beyond. Port Sudan in Sudan and other ports along the Red Sea coast serve as key hubs for maritime shipping and logistics.