Pennsylvania, located in the northeastern United States, is divided into 67 counties and includes a large number of cities and municipalities, with Philadelphia as its largest city and economic hub, followed by Pittsburgh, Allentown, and the state capital, Harrisburg. The state’s population is approximately 13 million, spread across an area of 46,055 square miles. Pennsylvania features diverse geography, from the Appalachian Mountains running through its center to the vast rural landscapes and urban centers like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. Major airports in Pennsylvania include Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), Pittsburgh International Airport (PIT), Harrisburg International Airport (MDT), and Lehigh Valley International Airport (ABE), providing a range of domestic and international flights. The state is home to numerous higher education institutions, including prestigious universities such as the University of Pennsylvania (an Ivy League school), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Lehigh University, and Temple University in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania’s healthcare system is robust, with major hospitals such as the University of Pennsylvania Health System, UPMC Presbyterian in Pittsburgh, and Geisinger Medical Center in Danville. The state’s economy is highly diversified, with major industries including healthcare, education, manufacturing, financial services, and agriculture. Historically significant as a center of American independence, Pennsylvania is home to iconic landmarks such as Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia, attracting millions of tourists annually. The state’s manufacturing sector remains strong, with industries like steel production, chemicals, machinery, and electronics contributing significantly to the economy, particularly in cities like Pittsburgh, which is renowned for its industrial past. Agriculture also plays a key role, with Pennsylvania being a leading producer of mushrooms, dairy products, and apples. Additionally, the state’s vast natural gas reserves, especially in the Marcellus Shale region, have made it a critical player in the U.S. energy sector. Pennsylvania’s blend of urban and rural environments, coupled with its rich history and strategic location near major East Coast cities, makes it an essential economic and cultural hub in the region.